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Gas stoves emit nanoaerosol particles that could affect your respiratory health

By Joanie Dugan

Posted March 5, 2024

As many as 10 quadrillion nanocluster particles can be emitted per kilogram of cooking fuel. (PublicDomainPictures / Pixabay)

A new study from Purdue University says cooking on a gas stove can emit more nanocluster aerosol in the air than gas or diesel vehicles. It could increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases such as asthma.

“We discovered that gas cooking is a major source of cluster aerosol particles,” said Brandon Boor, an associate professor in the Lyles School of Civil Engineering at Purdue who led the research. “These are very small nanoparticles, from one to three nanometers in size.”

Nanocluster aerosol particles are toxic, bioactive, and so small they can’t be seen. They move through vital organs and can cause respiratory illness in both children and adults.

“We think they’re very important and may be a contributor to some of these adverse health outcomes because of their unique toxicity and their very high rates of deposition in the respiratory system,” Boor said. “So every time you turn on your gas stove, you have a nice blue flame, and that’s a very efficient source of these very small nanoparticles.”

The study measured these tiny particles in a “tiny house” lab. The lab has all the features of a home and sensors for monitoring the air quality. Researchers looked at their findings compared to outdoor air pollution.

They found as many as 10 quadrillion nanocluster particles can be emitted per kilogram of cooking fuel. That means people could be breathing in 10-to-100 times more aerosol particles from cooking on a gas stove indoors than they would from breathing in car exhaust while on a busy street.

“They get into the air, they mix with other things in the air, and then you inhale them,” Boor said. “So every morning when you go to light up your gas stove to make tea or breakfast, you’re producing large quantities of these very small nanocluster aerosol particles. So many, in fact, that the emissions are greater than what comes out of a tailpipe of a car with a gasoline or diesel engine.”

Boor said using the exhaust fan while cooking could help reduce your exposure.

“Many Americans do not use their kitchen hood when they cook on a gas stove. So turning on your hood, [is a] very effective strategy to reduce your exposure to these very small nanoparticles in the future,” Boor said. “We could design kitchen hoods that activate automatically when you start cooking. We can also come up with new air quality regulations that account for these very small nanocluster aerosol particles to look at emissions reductions, exposure reductions through regulations.”

The study was published in PNAS Nexus by Oxford Academic Press.