Japanese garden design is well known for its focus on different shades and textures of foliage, with a minimal use of flowers.
Classical Italian gardens are usually formal and constructed symmetrically with intersecting pathways, a central fountain and clipped topiaries and hedges.
Pergolas provide not only walls, but also ceilings, with the possibility of plants growing between the series of horizontal beams, to create shade.
This trail-blazing female landscape architect, born in 1869, began her career in 1912. When she died at 81 in 1950, she had designed over 600 gardens.